Correlation and spectral densities are mathematical tools used to analyze the relationships between signals and their frequency components.

A random process, also known as a stochastic process, is a collection of random variables indexed by a parameter, typically

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A discrete random variable is a variable that can only take on a countable number of distinct values, often whole

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A two-dimensional random variable, also known as a bivariate random variable, is a pair of random variables (X, Y) defined

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A continuous random variable is a variable that can take on any value within a given range or interval.

A two-dimensional random variable, also known as a bivariate random variable, is a pair of random variables, typically denoted as

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Continuous Random Variables. A continuous random variable is one which takes an infinite number of possible values.

Correlation, specifically autocorrelation, describes the similarity of a signal with a time-delayed copy of itself, revealing patterns and periodicities. Spectral

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A random process, also known as a stochastic process, is a collection of random variables indexed by some mathematical set,

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A continuous random variable is a type of random variable that can take on any value within a given range

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